Issue 1/2025

Summary: 1. Introduction. – 2. Methods. – 3. Results. – 3.1. Disciplines dealing with the Russian-Ukrainian War. – 3.2. Selected topics and research directions related to the Russian- Ukrainian. – 3.3. COVID-19 pandemic during the Russian-Ukrainian War. – 4. Discussion. – 5. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Normative Regulation of Ethical Standards of Conduct of Judges. – 3. Analysis of the Practice of Bringing Judges to Justice for Violations of Ethical Norms. – 4. Classification of Groups of Initiators of Disciplinary Proceedings. –5. Applicable Sanctions in Cases of Proof of Unethical Behavior of a Judge. – 6. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Accessibility of a journal. – 3. Basic elements of submission’s assessment criteria. – 4. Journal’s communication of their assessment criteria, decision-making process and tools applied. – 5. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Methodology of the Study. – 3. Results and Discussion. – 3.1. Situation on Torture in Kazakhstan. – 3.2. Changing the Legislative Definition of "Torture" and its Inconsistency with the Convention Definition of "Torture". – 3.3. Problems of Distinguishing Torture from Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment and other Forms of Violence. – 4. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Context and Issues Raised in the Lithuanian Parliament's Inquiry to the Constitutional Court. – 3. The Arguments of the Conclusion. – 4. Legal Consequences of the Conclusion. – 5. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Methodology. – 3. The Right to Self-Defence: Article 51 of the UN Charter. – 4. Constraints/Limitations of the Right to Self-Defence. – 5. Concepts and Types of Anticipatory Self-Defence. – 6. Principles and Constituents of an Armed Attack Under International Law on Self-Defence. – 7. Proactive Self-Defence against Terrorism in International Law. – 8. Justifications for Proactive Self-Defence. – 9. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Determinants of the Electronic Contract Session. – 2.1. The Nature of the Electronic Contract. – 2.2. Offer and Acceptance via Electronic Means. – 3. Peculiarity of Electronic Contract. – 3.1. Forms of Electronic Contract Session. – 3.1.1. The Actual Electronic Contract Session. – 3.1.2. The Virtual Electronic Contracts Session. – 3.2. Legislative and Judicial Guarantees Regarding the Electronic Contract Session. – 3.2.1. At the Legislative Level. – 3.2.1.1. Recognizing the Legal Validity of the Information Contained in Data Messages. – 3.2.1.2. Providing Some Procedures to Verify the Sender and Receiver of Data Messages. – 3.2.2. At the Level of Judicial Application. – 3.2.2.1. Recognizing the Legal Value of Expressing will in Electronic Contracts. – 3.2.2.2. Equality between Electronic Documents and Traditional Documents as Proof. – 4. Conclusion. – 5. Research Results. – 6. Recommendations.

1. Introduction. – 2. European Standards of Proper Disciplinary Procedure in Relation to Judges. – 3. Standards for Proving a Judge's Guilt in Disciplinary Proceedings. – 4. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Theoretical Framework. – 2.1. Legal Foundations of Humanitarian Intervention and Responsibility to Protect (R2P). – 2.2. The Role of IR in the Responsibility to Protect (R2P). – 2.3. The Role of International Relations in Shaping Legal Doctrines. – 3. International Relations and the Syrian conflict. – 4. Aggression against Ukraine from an IR Perspective. – 5. Analyses. – 5.1. Enhancing the Effectiveness of International Law. – 5.2. Undermining the Effectiveness of International Law. – 6. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. International legal source water protection. – 3. Legal support for the right to safe drinking water in Ukraine and globally. – 4. Drinking water quality at the international level and in Ukraine: legal support and relationship with human health and life. – 5. Judicial practice in disputes on ensuring the right to safe drinking water access in Ukraine and the EU. – 6. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Research Methodology. – 3. Fight Against Organised Crime – Participation in a Criminal Organisation. – 4. Combating Terrorism. – 5. Illicit Drug Trafficking. – 6. Arms Trafficking. – 7. Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation of Women and Children. – 8. Environmental Crime. – 9. Conclusion.

1. Introduction. – 2. Theoretical Foundations of the Doctrine of Limited Government. – 3. Key Elements of the Doctrine of Limited Government. – 4. The Doctrine of Limited Government in the Legal Positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. – 5. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Legal framework. – 2.1. The New York Convention. – 2.2. Regional Conventions. – 2.3. The Law on International Commercial Arbitration. – 2.4. Economic Procedure Code. – 3. Enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. – 3.1. International Standards. – 3.2. Applications. – 3.3. Grounds for Refusal. – 3.4. Public Order. – 3.5. Enforcement Procedure. – 3.6. A Domestic Arbitral Award?. – 3.7. Challenge of the Award. – 4. Case Analysis – 4.1. Case Statistics. – 4.2. Appealed Cases to the Supreme Court. – 4.3. Rejected Cases. – 4.4. Returned Cases. – 4.5. Partial Enforcement. – 5. Conclusion.

1. Introduction. – 1.1. Research Subject. – 1.2. Research Problem. – 1.3. Research Methodology. – 1.4. Research Scope. – 1.5. Research Plan. – 2. Innovations of Artificial Intelligence in Light of the Applicable Legal Rules. – 2.1. The Author as an Innovative Person. – 2.2. The Author as a Natural Person. – 2.3. Legal Entity and Copyrights. – 3. Innovations of Artificial Intelligence Applications and Legal Solutions. – 3.1. Artificial Intelligence Innovations as Public Property. – 3.2. Artificial Intelligence Innovations as Creative Commons or Open-Source Works. – 3.3. Comparing Innovations of Artificial Intelligence to Prior Innovations of Workers. –4. Conceivable Legal Solutions. – 4.1. Artificial Intelligence Innovations as Joint Works. – 4.2. Applying the Rules of Accession of Movables to Artificial Intelligence Works. – 5. The Future of Legal Protection for Pure Artificial Intelligence Innovations. – 5.1. Pure Artificial Intelligence Innovations and Human Intervention. – 5.2. The Legal Personality of Artificial Intelligence and Copyrights. – 5.3. Difficulties of Acknowledging the Legal Personality of Artificial Intelligence. – 5.4. Feasibility of Acknowledging the Legal Personality of Artificial Intelligence Systems. – 6. Conclusions. – 6.1. Research Results. – 6.2. Recommendations.

1. Introduction. – 2. Methodology. – 3. The Nature of Sexual Harassment. – 3.1. The Concept of Sexual Harassment. – 3.2. Forms of Sexual Harassment. – 3.2.1. Verbal Harassment. – 3.2.2. Non-Verbal Harassment. – 3.2.3. Digital and Physical Harassment. – 3.3. Differentiating Sexual Harassment from Similar Behaviors. – 3.3.1. Sexual Harassment and Bullying. – 3.3.2. Sexual Harassment and Acts Against Modesty. – 3.3.3. Sexual Harassment and Indecent Assault. – 4. The Legal Framework for the Crime of Sexual Harassment in the UAE and France. – 4.1. Elements of the Crime of Harassment. – 4.1.1. Actus Reus (the guilty act) under the UAE and French Legislation. – 4.1.2. Mens Rea (the Guilty Mind) under the UAE and French Legislation. – 5. Penalties for the Crime of Sexual Harassment in the UAE and French Legislation. – 5.1. Penalties of Sextual Harassment in the UAE Law. – 5.2. Penalties of Sextual Harassment in French Law. – 6. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Literature Review. – 3. Methods. – 4. Findings and Discussion. – 4.1. Key Legislative Frameworks. – 4.1.1. Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence (2009). –4.1.2. Concept of Family and Gender Policy Until 2030. – 4.1.3. Law on Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts (2024). – 4.2. Access to Justice for Victims of Violence against Women in Kazakhstan – 5. Conclusion.

1. Introduction. – 2. Literature Review. – 3. Methodology. – 4. The Nature of Compensation for Victims of Enforced Disappearance and its Forms. – 4.1. The Concept of Compensation for the Crime of Enforced Disappearance. – 4.2. Persons Entitled to Compensation. – 4.2.1. The Disappeared Person as a Direct Victim of Enforced Disappearance. – 4.2.2. The Indirect Victim of Enforced Disappearance. – 4.3. Forms of Compensation for Harm from the Crime of Enforced Disappearance. – 4.3.1. Restitution. – 4.3.2. Financial Compensation. – 4.3.3. Rehabilitation. – 4.3.4. Satisfaction. – 4.3.5. Non-repetition. – 5. Legal Regulations of Compensation for Enforced Disappearance in the UAE Compared to Other National Legislations. – 6. Compensation for Crimes of Enforced Disappearance in International Court Rulings. – 6.1. Applications of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. – 6.2. Applications of the European Court of Human Rights. – 7. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Literature Review. – 3. Methodology. – 4. The Efficiency of the EU Role in the Adoption of Structural Reforms. – 4.1. Public Perception and Political Will. – 4.2. The Public Administration and Justice Reform. – 5. Conclusion.

1. Introduction. – 2. Research Methodology. – 3. Domain Name. – 3.1. Legal Nature of a Domain Name. – 3.2. Domain Name as an Object of Civil Rights. – 3.3. Domain Name in the ECHR Case Law. – 4. Jurisdictional and Non-Jurisdictional Forms of Enforcement of Rights to Domain Names. – 4.1. General Principles of Enforcement of Rights to a Domain Name. – 4.2. Resolving Domain Name Disputes in Court. – 4.2.1. Domain Name as an Object of Judicial Enforcement. – 4.2.2. Ways to Enforce Rights to Domain Names. – 4.2.3. Respondent in Domain Name Disputes. – 4.3. Enforcement of Rights to Domain Names in the Bodies of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine. – 4.3.1. Unfair Competition and Domain Names. – 4.3.2. Domain Name as Another Commercial Designation. – 4.3.3. The Right to Apply to the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine. – 5. Applications of the UDRP Policy. – 5.1. UDRP Policy: General Remarks. – 5.2. Stages of Domain Name Dispute Resolution under the UDRP. – 5.3. Bad Faith Domain Name Registration as a Ground for Satisfaction of a Complaint in a Domain Name Dispute. – 5.4. Domain Name Dispute Resolution in Accordance with the UDRP. – 6. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Determinations of the Subject and Period of Research. – 3. Criminological Analysis of Criminality in the Field of Radioecological Safety. – 4. Analysis of the State of Criminal Law-Enforcement Penalization of Criminal Offences in the Field of Radioecological Safety. – 5. Main Indicators of Convictions in the Field of Radio-Environmental Safety (by Types of Punishment and Types of Criminal Offenses). – 6. Conclusions.

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