Online First Articles

Here, you may find an example of the first AJEE Online First Article

1. Introduction. – 2. Directive (EU) 2024/1226: Objectives, Scope and Criminal Law Logic – 2.1. An Overview. – 2.2. Criminal Offences under Directive (EU) 2024/1226. – 2.3. Sanctions under Directive (EU) 2024/1226: Natural and Legal Persons. – 2.4. Implementation of the Directive EU) 2024/1226. – 3. Slovak Criminal Law Before the Implementation of Directive (EU) 2024/1226: Absence of a Coherent and Autonomous Framework of European Union Restrictive Measures. – 4. Slovak Implementation of Directive (EU) 2024/1226. – 4.1. Legislative Framework and Transposition Technique. – 4.2. Introduction of New Criminal Offences into the Criminal Code. – 4.3. Introduction of Serious Negligence into the Slovak Criminal Code in Relation to a Single Criminal Offence. – 4.4. Introduction of a New Terminological Framework in the Criminal Code (Article 137b). – 5. Assessment of Compliance and Broader Implications for Slovak Criminal Law. – 5.1. Formal Compliance with Directive (EU) 2024/1226. – 5.2. Substantive Compliance and Systemic Coherence. – 5.3. Serious Negligence and the Principle of Culpability. – 5.4. Broader Implications for Slovak Criminal Law. – 6. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Methodology. – 3. The Concept of Tort Law and Two Conceivable Linking Factors. – 3.1. The Concept of Tort Law. – 3.2. Two Conceivable Linking Factors. – 4. Jurisdiction and Applicable Law: Two Distinct Questions. – 5. Damage vs. Indirect Consequences. – 6. Localisation of Financial Loss. – 7. Current Ukrainian Law. – 7.1. Jurisdiction. – 7.2. Applicable Law. – 8. The Approach of the Draft Civil Code. – 8.1. Jurisdiction. – 8.2. Applicable Law. – 9. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Methodology and Scope of Research. – 3. Limitations of the Study. – 4. Literature Review. – 5. Transfer Of Personal Data and Alignment of Albanian Legislation with EU Standards. – 6. Automated Profiling Under AI Systems: Legal Risks and Individual Protection. – 7. The EU Artificial Intelligence Act and Its Interaction with Data Protection Standards. – 8. Empirical Insights from the Survey. – 9. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Research Methodology. – 3. The Legal and Regulatory Framework. – 4. The Practice of Bankruptcy Law in Saudi Courts. – 5. Jurisdiction and Organization of Commercial Courts. – 6. Established Practice in Bankruptcy Adjudication. – 6.1. Procedural Established Practice in Bankruptcy Judiciary. – 6.2. Substantive Established Practice in Bankruptcy Judiciary. – 7. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Objective Liability in European Legislation: The French Mode. – 2.1. Fault as the Basis of Tortious Liability. – 2.2. Objective Liability in Civil Law Systems. – 3. The Objective Nature of Liability in Jordanian Law. – 3.1. Harm (Idrar) as the Basis of Liability in the JCC. – 3.1.1. Harm in the Explanatory Memoranda of the JCC. – 3.1.2. Harm According to JCC Commentators. – 3.2. Absence of the Description of Harm. – 3.2.1. Absence of Infringement on the Rights of Others. – 3.2.1. Defense of Necessity (Daf‘al-Darar). – 4. Consolidation of the Objective Concept of Liability for Harmful Acts. – 4.1. Liability of the Direct Doer (Mubashir) for Damage. – 4.1.1. Directness as the Most Prominent Application of Objective Liability. – 4.1.2. Legal Regime of the Direct Doer’s (Mubashir) Liability. – 4.2. Liability of the Indirect Causer (Mutasabbib). – 4.2.1. Conditions of Indirect Liability in Islamic and Jordanian Law. – 4.2.2. The Particularity of the Jordanian Civil Code. – 5 Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Mediation in Labour Disputes: European Legal Framework. - 3. Mediation under the Draft Labour Code of Ukraine. - 4. The Dual Protection Model: Doctrinal Critique. – 5. Conclusions

1. Introduction. – 2. Literature Review – 3. Methodology. – 4. Discussion. – 4.1. General Analysis of the Migration Situation in Kazakhstan Based on Statistical Data. – 4.2 Comparative Analysis of Labour Migrants’ Digital Rights and Their Protection in the Context of International and Kazakhstani Legal Regulation. – 5. Results. – 6. Conclusion.

1. Introduction. – 1.1. European Union Environmental Standards as Enforcement Tools Tied to Market Access Conditions. – 1.2. Vietnamese Enterprises as Indirectly Affected Actors under European Union Environmental Regulation. – 1.3. Research Problem and Research Questions. – 1.4. Research Methods and Structure of the Article. – 2. Theoretical Framework: Access to Justice Beyond Territorial Boundaries. – 2.1. Effective Judicial Protection as the Baseline: Reviewability, Standing, and Procedural Voice. – 2.2. Environmental Accountability as a Procedural Legal Concept. – 2.3. Distinguishing Direct and Indirect Access to Justice in Cross-Border Legal Enforcement. – 3. EU Environmental Conditionality as Market-Access Governance: Regulatory Architectures and Spillover Effects. – 3.1. EU Environmental Measures Operationalised Through Country-Level Assessment and Market Access Conditionality. – 3.2. Sustainability Due Diligence Obligations and Responsibility Across Supply Chains. – 4. Procedural Protection Gaps and Mediated Access to Justice for Vietnamese Exporters. – 4.1. The State as an Indispensable Intermediary in EU Environmental Enforcement Architectures. – 4.2. The Procedural Interests of Vietnamese Enterprises Affected by EU Environmental Measures. – 4.3. Limits of Direct and Preliminary Judicial Redress for Non-EU Undertakings. – 5. The EU IUU Yellow Card Against Vietnam: An Illustrative Case Study. –5.1. The Legal Character of the EU IUU Yellow-Card Warning Mechanism. – 5.2. The Effects of the EU IUU Yellow Card on Vietnamese Seafood Exporters. – 5.3. The Absence of Complaint and Challenge Mechanisms for Affected Vietnamese Exporters.– 6. Legal Gaps in Vietnam Affecting Enterprises’ Indirect Access to Justice. – 6.1. Absence of a Dedicated Domestic Procedural Framework for Representation and Articulation of Enterprises’ Procedural Interests. – 6.2. Constraints in Environmental Impact Assessment and Public Disclosure of Environmental Information. – 6.3. The Absence of Enterprise-Facing Complaint Mechanisms and Compliance Differentiation Tools. – 6.4. Implications for the Effectiveness of Indirect Access to Justice under the EVFTA. – 6.5. A Reciprocal Perspective: EU Companies Affected by Vietnam’s Market-Access Measures. – 7. Strengthening the Mechanism of Indirect Access to Justice within the EVFTA Framework. – 7.1. The Role of Vietnamese Domestic Law in Securing Procedural Representation for Enterprises. – 7.2. EVFTA Mechanisms as a Channel of Indirect Access to Justice. – 7.3. Concrete Implementation Proposals for Domestic and EU-Linked Legal Instruments. – 8. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Theoretical aspects of understanding constitutional national identity. – 3. The doctrine of constitutional identity in the decisions of constitutional courts of European states. – 4. Guaranteeing constitutional national identity in the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. – 5. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Methodology. – 2.1. Jurisdiction Selection. – 2.2. Comparative Legal Method. – 2.3. Sources and Case Selection. – 2.4. Policy Evaluation Framework – 2.5. Limitations. – 3. Theoretical Foundations and Digital Market Challenges. – 3.1. Objectives of Competition Law. – 3.2. Digital Market Challenges. – 4. The European Union Approach. – 4.1. Traditional Competition Law Framework. – 4.2. Digital Markets Act: Ex-ante Framework. – 4.3. Digital Services Act: Platform Accountability. – 4.4. Landmark Cases: Enforcement in Action. – 5. The United States Approach. – 5.1. Traditional Legal Framework. – 5.2. Philosophical Evolution. – 5.3. Major Digital Platform Cases. – 6. Comparative Analysis: EU v. US. – 6.1. Philosophical Divergence. – 6.2. Enforcement Style and Mechanisms. – 6.3. Comparative Effectiveness. – 6.4. Global Influence and Regulatory Convergence. – 7. Implications for Arab Jurisdictions. – 7.1. Common Challenges. – 7.2. Policy Recommendations. – 8. Conclusions. – 8.1. Future Research Directions

1. Introduction. – 2. Methodology. – 3. Discussion. – 3.1. The Concept of Artificial Intelligence and Its Relation to Constitutional Courts. 3.2. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Supporting the Constitutional Judge. 3.3. International Legal and Regulatory Frameworks Governing AI in the Judiciary. 3.4. Prospects for Developing Constitutional Courts in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. 3.5. Practical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Constitutional Judiciary. 3.6. Challenges of Implementing Artificial Intelligence in Constitutional Courts. 4. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Methodology. – 3. Legal Evolution of sports law in the EU. – 4. The Framework of lex sportiva. – 5. European Sport Model. – 6. The Role of lex sportiva in European Sports Governance. – 7. Good Governance in Sport. – 7.1. Good Governance in Sports Regulations: Analysis of France, Germany, Lithuania, Malta, and Latvia. – 8. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Methodology of research. – 3. Discussion. – 4. Results. – 5. Conclusions.

1. Introduction. – 2. Methodology. – 3. The Legal Concept of Psychological Violence. – 3.1. Definition of Psychological Violence in International Documents. – 3.2. The Concept of Psychological Violence in Lithuania. – 3.3. The Concept of Psychological Violence in Estonia. – 4. Employer Obligations and Prevention Mechanisms in Lithuania. – 5. Employer Obligations and Prevention Mechanisms in Estonia. – 6. Comparative Analysis of the Specificities of the Legal Framework. – 7. Conclusions

1. Introduction. – 2. The Legal Nature and Regulatory Context of Social Media Platforms. – 3. Substantive Content Standards in the UAE Legal Framework. – 4. Procedural Gaps and Access to Justice Challenges. – 5. Reflections and Perspectives.

1. Introduction. – 2. Methodology. – 3. Result and Discussion. – 3.1. Evolution of EU Civil Liability Frameworks for Artificial Intelligence-Induced Harm. – 3.2. Key EU Liability Models: Product Liability and Operator Liability for AI – 3.3. Challenges in Applying Traditional Tort Liability Principles to Artificial Intelligence. – 3.4. Implications of EU AI Liability Law and Lessons for Vietnam. – 3.5. A Proposed Hybrid Civil Liability Framework for AI in Vietnam. – 4. Conclusions.

1.Introduction. – 2. The Prohibition and Normative Legal Concept of Deportation as an International Crime. – 3. The International Legal Responsibility of the State for Deportation (Reparations). – 4. State Policy, Intent, and Individual Criminal Responsibility in the Execution of Deportation. – 5. The International Legal Status of the Turkic-Muslim Population (People) Deported from Armenia from 1920. – 6. The Right to Reparation for Victims of Deportation: Judicial Practice and Legal Consequences. – 7. Right to Restitution and Compensation for Damages: Methods of Calculation, Conditions for Payment, and Nature. – 8. Reparation in the Form of Immovable Property Arising from the Violation of Jus contra bellum: The Right of the Republic of Azerbaijan to Obtain Compensation. – 9. International Legal Guarantees of Restitution and the Voluntary, Safe, and Dignified Return of the Deported Population. – 10. International legal guarantees of security following a dignified return (monitoring system). – 11. Conclusion.

1. Introduction. – 2. Literature Review. – 3. Methodology. – 3.1. Research Design and Analytical Logic. – 3.2. Comparative Scope and Empirical Base. – 3.3. Research Procedure. – 3.4. Variables and Measurement. – 3.5. Hypothesis Testing Strategy. – 3.6. Methodological Limitations. – 4. Results - Comparative Patterns and Empirical Outcomes of Civic-Legal Embeddedness. – 5. Discussion. – 6. Conclusion.

1. Introduction. – 2. Methodology. – 3. Results and Discussion. – 3.1. Children, Children’s Personal Data, and Children’s Personal Data Protection. – 3.2. The current state of the legal framework on children’s personal data protection in Vietnam. – 3.3. Children’s Data Protection Framework under the GDPR. – 4. Recommendations for Improving Vietnamese Law. – 5. Conclusions.