Issue 2/2023

Summary: 1. Introduction. – 2. New Technologies as a spatial turn and Paradigms of International Relations. – 3. Technology and a New International Distribution of Power. - 4. Role of New Technologies as a driving force in the social construction of war and peace. - 5. The Aspects of New Technologies Involvement in International Relations: The Russian invasion on Ukrainian territories as an example. - 5.1. The absence of a binding legal framework to regulate the activities of the cyber domain. - 5.2. The Russian-Ukrainian war and the emergence of a new type of sanctions at the international level. - 5.3 Conflict and Technology: The emergence of Digital Currency as a challenge to international relations. – 6. Legal gaps in legal frameworks when addressing the impact of digital technologies in international relations – 7. Conclusion.

Summary: 1. Introduction. – 1.1. Employment Relations. – 1.2. Clashing Interests of Employers and Employees in the Context of Kazakhstan. – 1.3. Assessing the Legislation. – 1.4. Theoretical Framework. – 2. Methodology. – 3. The Procedural Mechanism for Balanced Employment/Industrial Relations in Kazakhstan. – 3.1. Social Dialogue as the Foremost Step. – 3.2. Right to Organise and Bargaining Representation. – 3.3. Dispute Resolution and Prevention Mechanisms. – 4. Clashing Interests of Employers and Employees in the Context of US. – 4.1. Assessing the Legislation of US. – 5. The Procedural Mechanism for Balanced Employment/Industrial Relations in US Collaborative Processes. – 5.1. Workplace Mediation. – 5.2. Right to Organise and Bargaining Representation. – 6. Concluding Remarks.

Summary: 1. Introduction. – 2. Reasons for introducing the complaint into Polish criminal procedure. – 3. Principle of hearing the case within a reasonable time. – 4. The right to of defence. – 5. Principle of two-instance proceedings. – 6. Equality of arms in complaint proceedings. – 7. Conclusions.

Summary: 1. Introduction. – 1.1. International (1907 Hague Regulations) and domestic law during the period of occupation. – 1.2. National liberation uprisings against military aggression and Soviet rule. – 1.3. International crimes committed to cancel the continuity of the ADR. – 2. The Nature of International Law during the Period of Occupation. – 3. International Attitude to Russia’s Military Aggression. – 4. ADR Government in Exile and Diplomatic Missions. – 5. Constitutional Basis for the Restoration of International Legal Subjectivity of the Republic of Azerbaijan as a Continuity of the ADR. – 6. National Symbols of the ADR and the Republic of Azerbaijan: The Identity that Provides the Basis for Continuity. – 7. The Territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan (uti possidetis juris in the case of the Azerbaijan People’s Republic). – 8. Conclusions.

Summary: 1. Introduction. – 2. Child Homelessness and Neglect in Ukraine in the 1920s. – 2.1. Protection measures for homeless and neglected children. – 2.2. The issue in the case law of Ukraine. – 3. Child Homelessness and Neglect in Poland in the 1920s. – 4. Protection of Homeless and Neglected Children. – 5. Conclusions.

Summary: 1. Introduction. – 2. Methodological Framework. – 3. Results. – 3.1 Features of legislative regulation of property rights in Ukraine in the context of Russian aggression. – 3.2. Legal characteristics of international legal acts on the protection of property rights. – 3.3. Legal analysis of court decisions on the protection of property rights adopted by the courts of Ukraine and international and national judicial institutions. – 4. Discussion. – 5.Conclusions and Recommendations.

Summary: 1. Preconditions for the problem of effective resolution of civil disputes in Ukraine. – 2. Methodology for applying artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms for effective resolution of civil disputes. – 3. Conclusions.

Summary: 1. Introduction. – 2. The Social-Psychological Model of Fear of Criminality. – 3. Law Enforce-ment Agencies. – 4. Results and Discussions. – 5. Confronting The Fear of Crime. – 6. Role of Politics and Media and Fear of Crime. – 7. Conclusions.

Summary: 1. Introduction. – 2. Methodology of Research. –3. The European Union as the Normative Power of Europe. – 4. Europeanisation as a Phenomenon of European Integration. – 5. Lessons of Europeanisation of the Countries of Eastern and Central Europe. – 6. Problems of Europeanisation of the Legal System of Ukraine. – 7. Euroscepticism as an Obstacle to Europeanisation.– 8. Conclusions.

Summary: – 1. Introduction. – 2. Limits, Conditions, and Legal Consequences of Posthumous Disposition of Reproductive Biological Material. – 2.1. Conditions, procedure, and legal consequences of the use of posthumous reproduction (foreign experience and trends of Ukrainian law-making). – 2.2. Scope of rights and conditions of the use of posthumous reproduction. – 2.3. Formal requirements for the disposal of reproductive biological material and embryos in case of death (problems of practical application). – 2.4. Issues of inheritance and establishment of paternity/maternity. – 2.5. Analysis of the conceptual framework (advantages and disadvantages). – 2.6. Controversial and debatable provisions of potential laws. – 3. Conclusions.

Summary: 1. Introduction. – 2. Assignment of Receivables in Civil and Commercial Matters – Basic Legal Background. – 3. Receivables That Cannot Be Assigned. – 4. Legal Effects of the Assignment of a Receivable. – 5. Legal Status of the Debtor in the Event of Assignment of Receivable. – 6. Conclusions.

Summary: 1. Introduction. – 2. Methodological Framework. – 3. Child’s Rights in European Countries and Policies. – 4. Administrative and Legal Protection of Child's Rights in Kazakhstan. – 5. Conclusions.

Summary: 1. Introduction. – 2. Derogation. – 3. The Non-alternative Choice of Detention in Custody. – 4. Extension of the Period of Detention in Custody. – 5. Conclusions.

Summary: 1. Introduction. – 2. The notion of surrogate motherhood within legal relations. – 3. The ECtHR case law on reproductive rights. – 4. Conclusions.

Summary: 1. Introduction. – 2. The Concept of Challenging the Decisions of International Commercial Arbitration. – 3. Procedure for Challenging International Commercial Arbitration Awards. – 4. Grounds for Annulment of an Arbitral Award at the Request of One of the Parties. – 5. Grounds for Annulment of an Arbitral Award at the Initiative of the Court. – 6. Concluding Remarks.

Editor-in-Chief's Note