Summary: 1. Introduction. – 2. Methodology of Research. –3. The European Union as the Normative Power of Europe. – 4. Europeanisation as a Phenomenon of European Integration. – 5. Lessons of Europeanisation of the Countries of Eastern and Central Europe. – 6. Problems of Europeanisation of the Legal System of Ukraine. – 7. Euroscepticism as an Obstacle to Europeanisation.– 8. Conclusions.
Background: The nature of the European Union (EU) as a global actor has long been the subject of diverse academic debates. Proponents of an understanding of the EU as a normative force believe that its greatest transformative power lies not in coercion but in a policy of enlargement that allows the EU to stimulate reforms in the candidate countries of the Central and Eastern European region, despite the crisis of enlargement. The aim of the article is to study the impact of the Europeanisation process on the legal systems of member states and candidate countries, in particular Ukraine, as well as the formulation of proposals for national institutions regarding the perception of the ‘Europeanisation’ impact of EU law on the legal system of Ukraine.
Methods: The methodological basis of the work is interdisciplinary and comprehensive approaches. The interdisciplinary approach is based on the application of theoretical developments in jurisprudence, philosophy, political science, and the theory of international relations, which make it possible to study the process of Europeanisation in relation to member states and candidate countries as fully and comprehensively as possible. The comprehensive approach is aimed at identifying the multifaceted and multifactorial ontological determinants of the Europeanisation process of legal systems. These approaches determined the choice of appropriate general theoretical and special scientific methods: hermeneutic, dialectical, analysis, synthesis, etc.
Results and Conclusions: As a result of the study of the political will, capacity, and legitimacy of the EU to defend the values proclaimed in the founding treaties, in cases of violations of the regulations of the EU law by the member states, the authors come to the conclusion that the EU may face negative consequences due to the display of democratic reformist coalitions in individual member states (Poland and Hungary ), as well as due to favouring (authoritarian) stability over uncertain (democratic) change. Concession to candidate countries for EU accession in terms of the fulfilment of the Copenhagen criteria in exchange for satisfying the interests of leading member states may undermine the credibility of the project of building a European identity based on the common values of the EU, as well as the loss of the reputation of the normative power of the European Union. Accelerating the process of Ukraine’s accession to the EU, which is connected with Ukraine’s acquisition of the status of a candidate for accession to the EU, requires the Europeanisation of the domestic legal culture as a prerequisite for the modernisation of all other elements of the legal system. This, in turn, implies the completion of the process of de-Russification of legal science and education, the development and approval of the Legal Education Development Program, and the modernisation of legal terminology.
Victoria Lomaka
PhD in Law, Doctoral Student of the European Union Law Department, YaroslavMudryi National Law University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
lomviktoriya@gmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4443-8963
Corresponding author, responsible for the concept creation, research methodology and writing. Competing interests: No competing interests were announced. Disclaimer: The author declares that her opinion and views expressed in this manuscript are free of any impact of any organizations. Translation: Provided by authors.
Ivan Yakoviyk
Dr. Sc. (Law), Professor of the European Union Law Department, Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
i.v.yakovyuk@nlu.edu.ua
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8070-1645
Co-author, responsible for the conceptualization, writing and data collection. Competing interests: No competing interests were announced. Disclaimer: The author declares that his opinion and views expressed in this manuscript are free of any impact of any organizations.
Yevhen Bilousov
Dr. Sc (Law), Professor of the European Union Law Department Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
e.n.belousov1968@gmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3998-9947
Co-author, responsible for conceptualization, the exploration of sources, and their analysis and interpretation. Competing interests: No competing interests were announced. Disclaimer: The author declares that his opinion and views expressed in this manuscript are free of any impact of any organizations.
Managing editor – Dr. Tetiana Tsuvina. English Editor – Dr. Sarah White.
Copyright: © 2023 V Lomaka, I Yakoviyk, Ye Bilousov. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Вікторія Ломака, Іван Яковійк, Євген Білоусов
АНОТАЦІЯ
Передумови. Сутність Європейського Союзу (ЄС) як глобального актора вже
давно є предметом різноманітних наукових дискусій. Прихильники розуміння
ЄС як нормативної сили вважають, що його найбільша трансформаційна міць
полягає не в примусі, а в політиці розширення, яка дає змогу ЄС
стимулювати реформи в країнах-кандидатах регіону Центральної та Східної
Європи, незважаючи на кризу розширення. Метою дослідження є вплив
процесу європеїзації на правові системи держав-членів та країн-кандидатів,
зокрема України, а також формулювання пропозицій для національних
інституцій щодо сприйняття «європеїзаційного» впливу ЄС на правову
систему України.
Методи. Методологічною основою дослідження є міждисциплінарний та
комплексний підходи. Міждисциплінарний підхід базується на застосуванні
теоретичних розробок юриспруденції, філософії, політології, теорії
міжнародних відносин, які дають змогу максимально повно та всебічно
вивчити процес європеїзації держав-членів та країн-кандидатів. Комплексний
підхід спрямований на виявлення багатоаспектних і багатофакторних
онтологічних детермінант процесу європеїзації правових систем. Ці підходи
зумовили вибір відповідних загальнотеоретичних і спеціальних наукових
методів: герменевтичного, діалектичного, аналізу, синтезу тощо.
Результати та висновки. У результаті дослідження політичної волі,
спроможності та легітимності ЄС захищати цінності, проголошені в
установчих договорах, у випадках порушення норм права ЄС державами-
членами, автори дійшли висновку, що ЄС може зіткнутися з негативними
наслідками через появу демократичних реформістських коаліцій в окремих
державах-членах (Польща та Угорщина), а також через надання переваги
стабільності (авторитарній) над невизначеними (демократичними) змінами.
Поступка країнам-кандидатам щодо вступу до ЄС в частині виконання
Копенгагенських критеріїв в обмін на задоволення інтересів провідних
держав-членів може підірвати довіру до проєкту розбудови європейської
ідентичності на основі спільних цінностей ЄС, а також призвести до втрати
репутації нормативної сили Європейського Союзу. Прискорення процесу
вступу України до ЄС, що пов’язано з набуттям Україною статусу кандидата
на вступ до ЄС, потребує європеїзації вітчизняної правової культури як
передумови модернізації всіх інших елементів правової системи. Це у свою
чергу передбачає завершення процесу дерусифікації юридичної науки та
освіти, розроблення та затвердження Програми розвитку юридичної освіти,
модернізацію юридичної термінології.
Submitted on 29 Oct 2022 / Revised 1st 20 Dec 2022 / Revised 2nd 20 Mar 2022 Approved 02 Apr 2023 / Published: 15 May 2023