ISSN 2663-0583 (Online)
ISSN 2663-0575 (Print)
  • Home
  • Instituting Principle for the Reproduction (Restoration) of Natural Resources and Complexes in the Context of Ensuring and Protecting Fundamental Human Rights
"

Instituting Principle for the Reproduction (Restoration) of Natural Resources and Complexes in the Context of Ensuring and Protecting Fundamental Human Rights

Summary: – 1. Introduction. – 2. Background. – 3. Key Information. – 3.1. The Principle of Legal Provision for the Ecosystem Approach to the Reproduction (Restoration) of Natural Resources and Complexes. – 3.2. The ‘Net Gain’ or ‘Environmental Net Gain’ Principle. – 3.3. The System of Instituting the Principles of Reproduction (Restoration) of Natural Resources and Complexes. – 4. Concluding Remarks.

Full Text:

DOI

Abstract About Author(s) References Reviews

Abstract

This article is devoted to the study of instituting principles for the reproduction (restoration) of natural resources and complexes in the context of ensuring and protecting fundamental human rights. The paper analyses these principles and proposes dividing them into four groups according to their functional purpose: system-forming, organisational, preventive, and that of economic direction. The principle of legal provision for the ecosystem approach to the reproduction (restoration) of natural resources and complexes and the ‘net gain’ principle are of particular interest in the system for the reproduction (restoration) of natural resources and complexes. These two principles should be considered the most important ones and be the basis for the following: organising and implementing measures for the reproduction (restoration) of natural resources and complexes; recovering and improving the quality of ecosystems; preventing and eliminating harmful economic impacts on the environment and human health; ensuring the sustainable functioning of ecosystems by indissolubly linking and balancing all environmental objects.

It is established that instituting principles for the reproduction (restoration) of natural resources and complexes are universal regulations of positive law, generally influencing the formation of state environmental policy and law-making, as well as litigation in Ukraine that is concerns environmental law principles.

About Authors

Donets Olga

PhD (Law), Assoc. Prof. of the Environmental Law Department, Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Ukraine

olya.donets@nlu.ua   
0000-0001-7716-4933

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
The author declares no conflict of interest of relevance to this topic.

DISCLAIMER
The author declares that she was not involved in any state bodies, courts, or any other organisation’s activities related to the discussed views and case-law.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author would like to express her gratitude to the reviewers and editors of the journal and to the English editor, Sarah White.

References

 


  1. AIR 1997 SC 734: (1997) 2 SCC 353 <https://www.legalbites.in/right-to-life-personal-liberty- article-21/> accessed 12 June 2021.

  2. Andreitsev VI, Environmental law: course of lectures (Ventyri 1996).

  3. Anisimova HV, ‘The security future of Ukraine in the context of integrated processes: environmental and legal aspects’ (International scientific-practical conference ‘The third meeting of experts of related departments to discuss the strategy of evolution of agricultural, land, environmental and natural resource relations in the context of integration development of Ukraine’, Odessa, 7-10 June 1018) 76-81.

  4. Anisimova HV, Theoretical principles of environmental legislation development in the context of natural and legal doctrine (Pravo 2019).

  5. Anisimova HV, Donets OV, ‘Ecosystem approach to the restoration (reproduction) of natural resources and complexes as a basis for the modern concept of national environmental policy’ (2020) 2 Environmental Law 7-13.

  6. Anisimova HV, ‘Principles of environmental law: concepts and types’ (International scientific and practical conference, Khakriv, 20-21 November 2020) <https://dspace.nlu.edu.ua/ bitstream/123456789/7204/1/Anisimova_485.pdf> accessed 22 March 2021.

  7. Anisimova HV, Kopitsa IeM, ‘The role of courts in environmental rights protection in the context of the state policy of Ukraine’(2021) 2 (10) Access to Justice in Eastern Europe 164-176 <http://ajee-journal.com/the-role-of-courts-in-environmental-rights-protection-in-the- context-of-the-state-policy-of-ukraine> accessed 12 June 2021.

  8. Brinchuk MM, Environmental law principles (Yurlitinform 2013).

  9. ‘Biodiversity net gain. Good practice principles for development. A practical guide’ (Cieem.
    net, 2016) <Biodiversity-Net-Gain-Principles.pdf (cieem.net)> accessed 26 March 2021.

  10. Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (CMU) Resolution 56/1868/30 ‘On approval of fees for calculating the amount of damage caused to forests’ <https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/665-2008-%D0%BF#Text> accessed 10 June 2021.

  11. Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (CMU) Resolution 559/110/14 ‘On fees for calculating the amount of damage caused to green plantations within cities and other inhabited settlements’ <https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/559-99-%D0%BF#Text> accessed 10 June 2021.

  12. Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (CMU) Resolution 1209/3342/35 ‘On approval of fees for calculating the amount of compensation for damage caused by illegal extraction (collection) or destruction of valuable species of aquatic bioresources’ <https://zakon.rada. gov.ua/laws/show/1209-2011-%D0%BF#Text> accessed 10 June 2021.

  13. Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (CMU) Resolution 55/2221/31 ‘On approval of the methodology for determining the amount of damage caused by unauthorized

  14. Carrington D, ‘Two-thirds of glacier ice in the Alp’s will have melt by 2100’ (The Guardian, 9 April 2019). <https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/apr/09/two-thirds- glaciers-alps-alpine-doomed-climate-change-ice> accessed 18 March 2021.

  15. Catalogue of legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine (1997-2020) Ch. 3 Fundamentals of constitutional order. General Principles Subpara. 3.4. The supremacy of law. Constitutional Court of Ukraine <https://ccu.gov.ua/storinka-knygy/34-verhovenstvo- prava> accessed 21 March 2021.

  16. Chausova LL, ‘Principles of environmental law of Ukraine’ (PhD (Law) thesis abstract, Yaroslav the Wise National Law Academy of Ukraine 1998).

  17. Christidis N, McCarthy M, Stott PA, ‘The increasing likelihood of temperatures above 30 to 40°C in the United Kingdom’ (2020) 11 Nature Communicators 3093 (Nature.com, 30 June 2020) <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-16834-0> accessed 03 June 2021.

  18. ‘Conference of the parties to the Convention on biological diversity – What is it and why is it important?’ (Wwf.ua, 29 December 2016) <https://wwf.ua/?288810/cbd-2016> accessed 18 March 2021.

  19. Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations (2017) <https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ uksi/2017/1012/contents/made> accessed 26 March 2021.

  20. Constitution of Ukraine [1996] Vidomosti of the Verkhovna Rada 30/141 <https://zakon. rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80#Text> accessed 10 May 2021.

  21. Copernicus Climate Change Service, ‘Climate bulletins’ (Climate.Copernicus.eu, 7 June 2021) <https://climate.copernicus.eu/monthly-climate-bulletins> accessed 10 May 2021.

  22. Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 475/97-VR/270 <https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_004#Text> accessed 12 June 2021.

  23. Guerra and others v Italy App no 116/1996/735/932 (ECtHR, Judgment 19 February 1998) <https://antifrau.cat/resources/sentencia_tribunal_europeu_drets_humans_guerra__i_ altres_vs_italia.pdf> accessed 8 September 2021.

  24. Degodiuk EH, ‘The current state of land resources in Ukraine and ways to restore land and nature use’ (All-Ukrainian scientific and practical conference, Kharkiv, 29-30 September 2001) 37-42.

  25. Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA), ‘Biodiversity net gain: updating planning requirements’ (Gov.uk, 15 October 2019) <https://www.gov.uk/government/ consultations/biodiversity-net-gain-updating-planning-requirements> accessed 25 March 2021.

  26. Directive 2004/35/UN ‘On environmental liability for preventing and eliminating consequences of environmental damage’ <https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_ 965#Text> accessed 10 June 2021.

  27. Draft Law of Ukraine ‘On Prevention, Reduction and Control of Pollution Occurring as a Result of Industrial Activity’ [2020] the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine 4167 <http://w1.c1.rada. gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=70077> accessed 26 March 2021.

  28. ‘Environmental issues in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and their impact on judicial practice in Ukraine’ (Ecobusiness Group, 24 July 2020) <https://ecolog- ua.com/news/pytannya-ohorony-dovkillya-v-praktyci-yespl-ta-yih-vplyv-na-sudovu- praktyku-v-ukrayini> accessed 12 June 2021.

  29. ‘Environmental liability: EU experience and opportunities for Ukraine’ (Society and environment portal, September 2018) <https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/ search?q=cache:-vCfP-871oMJ:https://www.civic-synergy.org.ua/wp-content/ uploads/2018/04/webenvironmental-liabilityua2018.pdf+&cd=1&hl=ru&ct=clnk&gl=ua> accessed 10 June 2021.

  30. European Commission (EC), ‘EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030: Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions’ (Eur-lex.europa.eu, 20 May 2020) <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1590574123338&uri=CELEX:5202 0DC0380> accessed 18 March 2021.

  31. European Commission (EC), ‘Nature-based solutions’ (Ec.europa.eu, 2020) <https:// ec.europa.eu/research/environment/index.cfm?pg=nbs> accessed 11 March 2021.

  32. Hatton and Others v the United Kingdom App no 36022/97 (ECtHR, Judgment (8 July 2003) <https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-61188%22]}> accessed 8 September 2021.

  33. Havrysh NS, ‘Legal regime of soils in Ukraine’ (Dr.Sc. (Law) thesis, National University “Odessa Law Academy” 2018).

  34. Hetman AP, ‘Principles in the ecological process. Regional environmental problems’ (Conference of the VM Koretsky State and Law Institute NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, 7 July 1995) 28-44.

  35. Hetman AP, Orlov NA, ‘Environmental audit and legal problems of improving environmental management based on the principles of sustainable development’ (2008) 21(60) Scientific Notes of Taurida National University. Legal Sciences 153-159.

  36. Hetman AP, ‘Methodological principles of establishing legal environmental protection foundations’ (2011) 3 (4) Law of Ukraine 12-21.

  37. Hetman AP,‘Understanding the supremacy of law in the system of environmental legislation of Ukraine’ (2017) 5 Law of Ukraine 44-62.

  38. Hetman AP, ‘The supremacy of law in the institution of nature management and environmental protection’ (2017) 1-2 Environmental Law of Ukraine 2-8.

  39. Holovatyi SP, Rule of law (Feniks 2006).

  40. Gavrilova A, ‘How and what we owe the planet: What you need to know about Eco-Debt Day’ (Buro 247.ua, 1 September 2020) <https://www.buro247.ua/lifestyle/how-and-what- we-owe-the-planet.html> accessed 18 March 2021.

  41. Geographic Distribution, ‘Special report: Global warming of 1.5 oC’ (Ipcc.ch, 12 March 2020) <https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/> accessed 10 May 2021.

  42. ‘Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services’(Ipbes.net, 2019) <https:// ipbes.net/global-assessment> accessed 11 March 2021.

  43. ‘Global Footprint Network ‘Delayed Environmental Debt Day claims the opportunity to build a future in harmony with the planet’ (Earthovershootday.org, August 2020) <https:// www.overshootday.org/newsroom/press-release-august-2020-russian/> accessed 18 March 2021.

  44. ‘Governor Gavin Newsom provides an update on the state’s response to the West Coast heat wave and the #COVID19 pandemic’ (Facebook.com, 17 August 2020) <https://www.facebook. com/282059655808032/videos/337529733942010?__tn__=F> accessed 03 June 2021.

  45. Judgement of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the case on the constitutional petition of 51 People’s Deputies of Ukraine on compliance with the Constitution of Ukraine

  46. Karakash II (ed), Environmental law of Ukraine (Feniks 2012).

  47. Klass v. Germany (1978) 2 EHRR 214, 235 <http://eurocourt.in.ua/Article.asp?AIdx=416>
    accessed 6 June 2021.

  48. Kolodii AM, Principles of Ukrainian law (Yurinkom Inter 1998).

  49. Kostytslyi VV, Environmental law (Kolo 2012).

  50. Koteniov OH, ‘The principles of natural resources law’ (PhD (Law) thesis abstract, Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, 2017) <http://nauka.nlu.edu.ua/download/diss/ Kotenov/a_Kotenov.pdf> accessed 18 March 2021.

  51. Kutsevliak S, ‘Medical waste is a new environmental threat to the country’ (Informatsiine Ahenstvo Interfax-Ukraina, 29 May 2020) <https://ua.interfax.com.ua/news/blog/665612. html> accessed 15 March 2021.

  52. Kyshko-Yerli OB, ‘Lands requiring restoration as a new category of lands of Ukraine’ (2011) 4 Law Review of Kyiv University of Law 297-300.

  53. Law of Ukraine ‘On Environmental Protection’ [1991] Vidomosti of the Verkhovna Rada 41/546 <https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1264-12#Text> accessed 22 March 2021.

  54. Law of Ukraine ‘On Plant Kingdom’ [1999] Vidomosti of the Verkhovna Rada 22/198 <https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/591-14#Text> accessed 12 March 2021.

  55. Law of Ukraine ‘On Animal Kingdom’ [2001] Vidomosti of the Verkhovna Rada 14/97 <https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2894-14#Text> accessed 22 March 2021.

  56. Law of Ukraine ‘On the Ecological Network of Ukraine’ [2004] Vidomosti of the Verkhovna Rada 45/502 <https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1864-15#Text> accessed 22 March 2021.

  57. Law of Ukraine ‘On the Basic Principles (Strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine for the Period till 2020’ [2010] Vidomosti of the Verkhovna Rada 26/218 <https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2818-17#Text> accessed 11 March 2021.

  58. Law of Ukraine ‘On Environmental Impact Assessment’ [2017] Vidomosti of the Verkhovna Rada 29/315 <https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2059-19#Text> accessed 23 March 2021.

  59. Law of Ukraine ‘On Strategic Environmental Assessment’ [2018] Vidomosti of the Verkhovna Rada 16/138 <https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2354-19#Text> accessed 23 March 2021.

  60. Law of Ukraine ‘On the Basic Principles (Strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine for the Period till 2030’ [2019] Vidomosti of the Verkhovna Rada 16/70 <https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2697-19#Text> accessed 11 March 2021.

  61. Lisova TV, Legal provision of land restoration: theoretical and practical problems (CJSC ‘Kharkiv drukarnia’ 2020).

  62. ‘Living planet report 2020’ (Wwf.ua, 2020) <LivingPlanetReport 2020 | Publications | WWF (worldwildlife.org)> accessed 29 March 2021.

  63. Lukash OV, ‘The importance of ecological networks for protecting and reproducing land resources of Ukraine’ (All-Ukrainian scientific and practical conference, Kharkiv, 29-30 September 2001) 150-152.

  64. Maksymov SI, Constitutional principle of the supremacy of law: general and special. Philosophy of law: modern interpretations: selected: articles, analyst. reviews, translations (2003-2011) (Pravo 2012).

  65. Malysheva NR, Scientific and practical commentary to the Law of Ukraine ‘On Environmental Protection’ (Pravo 2017).

  66. Medvedieva MO, ‘The right to a favourable environment in the context of universal human rights standards’ (2009) 83 (II) Actual Problems of International Relations 161-165, 162 <http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lQsQ9LPdCUAJ:journa ls.iir.kiev.ua/index.php/apmv/article/viewFile/419/386+&cd=1&hl=ru&ct=clnk&gl=ua> accessed 6 June 2021.

  67. Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG), ‘National Planning Policy Framework’ (2019) 68-69 <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/ uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/810197/NPPF_Feb_2019_revised.pdf> accessed 26 March 2021.

  68. Pylypenko PD, Scientific works by Pylypenko Pylyp Danylovych. Selected (Kolo 2013).

  69. Petryshyn OV, ‘The supremacy of law as a law principle’ (2006) 1 (19) Ukrainian Law 49-57.

  70. Pogrebnyak SP, ‘The supremacy of law principle: some theoretical problems’ (2006) 1(19) Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 210-220.

  71. ‘#Protect water: Privacy statement’ (Living Rivers Europe, 2021) <https://www.livingrivers. eu/> accessed 29 March 2021.

  72. Rabinovich PM, Human and citizen rights in the Constitution of Ukraine (before the integration of original constitutional provisions) (Pravo 1997).

  73. Reid W,‘Millennium ecosystem assessment: Survey of initial impacts’(Millenniumassessment. org, March 2006) <www.millenniumassessment.org> accessed 15 March 2021.

  74. Resolution of the Supreme Court of Ukraine of 2 October 2019 in Case no 826/9432/17 proceedings no К/9901/14908/19 on recognition of illegal actions and omissions, recognition of agreed limits on hunting animals, obligation of the defendants to take measures to eliminate violation of the plaintiff’s rights and interests violation, invalidation of the Order no 482 of 19 December 2017 <https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/848060041> accessed 10 May 2021.

  75. Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine ‘On the Action Program of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine’ [2019] Vidomosti of the Verkhovna Rada 1/2 <https://zakon.rada.gov. ua/laws/show/188-20#n2> accessed 10 May 2021.

  76. Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. Adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992 <https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_455#Text> accessed 22 March 2021.

  77. ‘RTPI response to the DEFRA consultation on Biodiversity Net Gain’ (Royal Town Planning Institute, 1 Feb 2019) <https://www.rtpi.org.uk/consultations/2019/february/rtpi-response- to-the-defra-consultation-on-biodiversity-net-gain/> accessed 25 March 2021.

  78. StockholmDeclarationontheHumanEnvironment,inReportoftheUnitedNationsConference on the Human Environment, UN Doc.A/CONF.48/14, at 2 and Corr.1 (1972) <https://www.ipcc. ch/apps/njlite/srex/njlite_download.php?id=6471> accessed 10 May 2021.

  79. Suchkova VA, ‘On the issue of the classification of environmental human rights’ (2006) 2 Moscow Journal of International Law 146-157.

  80. Sydoruk BO, ‘Ensuring the balanced use of wetlands and peatlands on an ecosystem approach’ (2016) 1 Balanced Nature Use 16-21 <http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Zp_2016_1_5> accessed 14 March 2021.

  81. ‘The number of vertebrate populations in the world has decreased by 60% – WWF report’ (Wwf.ua, 30 October 2018) <https://wwf.panda.org/?337451/lpr-2018> accessed 29 March 2021.

  82. ‘Ukraine is in the Top countries list with the largest amount of waste per capita’ (Ukrainska Pravda, 15 July 2019) <https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2019/07/15/7220956/> accessed 15 March 2021.

  83. UN Commission on Human Rights, Human Rights and the Environment, 6 March 1990, E/ CN.4/RES/1990/41 <https://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f04030.html> accessed 6 June 2021.

  84. UN Commission on Human Rights, Human Rights Resolution 2005/15: Adverse Effects of the Illicit Movement and Dumping of Toxic and Dangerous Products and Wastes on the Enjoyment of Human Rights, 14 April 2005, E/CN.4/RES/2005/15 <https://www.refworld. org/docid/45377c32c.html> accessed 6 June 2021.

  85. UN General Assembly Resolution 35/8 ‘On Historical Responsibility of States for the Preservation of Nature for Present and Future Generations [1980] UNGA 7; A/RES/35/8 (30 October 1980) <http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/UNGA/1980/7.pdf> accessed 10 May 2021.

  86. UN General Assembly Resolution 45/94 ‘On the Need to Ensure a Healthy Environment for the Well-being of Individuals’ <https://undocs.org/ru/A/RES/45/94> accessed 10 May 2021.

  87. Vashchyshyn MYa, ‘Special principles of legal regulation in the field of national ecological network formation and preservation’ (2015) 2 Scientific Bulletin of Lviv State University of Internal Affairs 78-88.

  88. Viruk O, ‘Which cities of Ukraine may have been flooded due to climate change by 2100’ (The Village Ukraina, 16 January 2019) <https://www.the-village.com.ua/village/city/city- news/280889-yaki-mista-ukrayini-mozhe-zatopiti-cherez-zminu-klimatu-do-2100-roku> accessed 18 March 2021.

  89. ‘What are invasive species and how do they affect biodiversity?’ (Epl.org, 9 November
     2020) http://epl.org.ua/human-posts/shho-take-invazijni-vydy-i-yak-vony-vplyvayut- na-bioriznomanittya/#:~:text=%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8 %D0%BC%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0% B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%20%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D 1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB %D0%B8%D0%BD%20%D0%B2,%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1% 8F%20%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%20(Robinia%20pseudoacacia)> accessed 14 March 2021. 

  90. ‘Whether Ukrainian legislation allows effective resolution of environmental disputes’ (Sud.ua, 15 November 2019) <https://sud.ua/ru/news/publication/154700-chi- dozvolyaye-ukrayinske-zakonodavstvo-efektivno-virishuvati-ekologichni-spori> accessed 10 May 2021.

  91. World Economic Forum (WEF), ‘Annual Report 2019-2020’ (Weforum.org, 23 November  2020) <https://www.weforum.org/reports/annual-report-2019-2020> accessed 15 March 2021. 

Reviews for article

Add a Review

Reviews are moderated and will be published after verification!
All comments not related to reviews of the article will be deleted!

 

Keywords

  • law principles, environmental law principles, principles of instituting the reproduction (restoration) of natural resources and complexes, principle of legal provision for the ecosystem approach to the reproduction (restoration) of natural resources and complexes, ‘net gain’ principle, ‘environmental net gain’ principle.

How to cite it?

  • O Donets, ‘Instituting Principle for the Reproduction (Restoration) of Natural Resources and Complexes in the Context of Ensuring and Protecting Fundamental Human Rights’ 2021 4(12) Access to Justice in Eastern Europe 62–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33327/AJEE-18-4.4-a000085