Procedural Rules for Smart Trials in the UAE: Aspirations and Reality
Summary: 1. Introduction. – 2. Research Methodology. – 3. Smart Trials in UAE Courts: Conceptual Foundations and Operational Framework. – 3.1 Definition of Digital Litigation. – 3.2 Advantages and Limitations of Digital Litigation. – 3.3 Digital adversarial direct action. – 3.3.1 Initiation of Digital Litigation by Decision of the Competent Authority. – 3.3.2 Agreement-Based Initiation of Digital Litigation. – 4. The Functioning of Litigation through Digital Means. – 4.1 Digital adversarial procedures. – 4.1.1 Case registration and service of notice via digital means. – 4.1.2 Submission and Exchange of Evidence Digitally. – 4.1.3 Conduct of Hearings and Pleadings within a Digital Framework. – 4.2 Judgments and Orders by Digital Means and Their Appeal. – 5. Conclusions
Background: This study analyses the procedural rules governing smart trials (digital litigation) in the UAE, with a particular focus on their current implementation and potential future development. It explores the legal and technical underpinnings of digital litigation and evaluates the compatibility of the UAE’s framework with the goals of procedural efficiency and access to justice.
Methods: Structured into two chapters, this study first examines the conceptual foundations of smart trials and their modes of initiation, before turning to an analysis of litigation processes conducted via digital means. It employs a descriptive-analytical methodology to evaluate the technical feasibility and legal validity of these practices. It specifically focuses on Ministerial Decision No. 260 of 2019, assessing its framework for remote civil litigation and the extent to which it integrates electronic communication and procedural digitisation.
Results and Conclusions: The study evaluates the scope and effectiveness of the ministerial decision in regulating digital litigation, including lawsuit registration, procedural steps, judicial deliberations, issuance of judgments, and temporary orders. It identifies several gaps in the UAE’s digital litigation system, particularly the lack of a comprehensive legislative framework and uniform digital procedures. The research concludes by recommending the enactment of dedicated legislation to standardise and regulate digital judicial proceedings. These recommendations include creating a secure digital system for litigation, clarifying procedural rules for third-party intervention, expanding digital appeal provisions, and defining the competent authority for system-wide implementation in exceptional circumstances.
Abstract
Background: This study analyses the procedural rules governing smart trials (digital litigation) in the UAE, with a particular focus on their current implementation and potential future development. It explores the legal and technical underpinnings of digital litigation and evaluates the compatibility of the UAE’s framework with the goals of procedural efficiency and access to justice.
Methods: Structured into two chapters, this study first examines the conceptual foundations of smart trials and their modes of initiation, before turning to an analysis of litigation processes conducted via digital means. It employs a descriptive-analytical methodology to evaluate the technical feasibility and legal validity of these practices. It specifically focuses on Ministerial Decision No. 260 of 2019, assessing its framework for remote civil litigation and the extent to which it integrates electronic communication and procedural digitisation.
Results and Conclusions: The study evaluates the scope and effectiveness of the ministerial decision in regulating digital litigation, including lawsuit registration, procedural steps, judicial deliberations, issuance of judgments, and temporary orders. It identifies several gaps in the UAE’s digital litigation system, particularly the lack of a comprehensive legislative framework and uniform digital procedures. The research concludes by recommending the enactment of dedicated legislation to standardise and regulate digital judicial proceedings. These recommendations include creating a secure digital system for litigation, clarifying procedural rules for third-party intervention, expanding digital appeal provisions, and defining the competent authority for system-wide implementation in exceptional circumstances.
About Authors
Adel Salem Allouzi*
PhD, Faculty of Law, Abu Dhabi University, United Arab Emirates
Corresponding author, responsible for writing, reviewing and editing of this article.
Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.
Disclaimer: The author declares that his opinion and views expressed in this manuscript are free of any impact of any organizations.
Copyright: © 2025 Adel Salem Allouzi. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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АНОТАЦІЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЮ МОВОЮ
Дослідницька стаття
ПРОЦЕСУАЛЬНІ ПРАВИЛА ДЛЯ СМАРТСУДОЧИНСТВА В ОАЕ: ПРАГНЕННЯ ТА РЕАЛЬНІСТЬ
Адель Салем Аллузі
АНОТАЦІЯ
Вступ. Це дослідження аналізує процесуальні норми, що регулюють «розумне» (електронне) судочинство в ОАЕ, з акцентом на їх поточне впровадження та потенційний майбутній розвиток. Воно досліджує правову та технічну основу електронного судочинства та оцінює сумісність системи ОАЕ з цілями процесуальної ефективності та доступу до правосуддя.
Методи. У цьому дослідженні, яке складається з двох розділів, спочатку розглядаються концептуальні засади електронного судочинства та способи їх ініціювання, а потім здійснюється аналіз судових процесів, що проводяться за допомогою цифрових засобів. У роботі також було використано описово-аналітичну методологію для оцінки технічної доцільності та юридичної обґрунтованості цих практик. Особлива увага приділяється Міністерському рішенню № 260 від 2019 року та оцінюється система для дистанційного цивільного судочинства, ступінь інтеграції електронного зв'язку та процесуальну цифровізацію.
Результати та висновки. У дослідженні оцінюється обсяг та ефективність міністерського рішення щодо регулювання електронного судочинства, включно з реєстрацією позовів, процесуальними рішеннями, судовимиобговореннями, винесенням рішень та тимчасовими заходами. У статті було виявлено кілька прогалин у системі електронногго судочинства ОАЕ, зокрема відсутність комплексної законодавчої бази та уніфікованих цифрових процедур. Дослідження завершується рекомендацією щодо прийняття спеціального законодавства для стандартизації та регулювання цифрових судових проваджень. Ці рекомендації передбачають створення безпечної цифрової системи для судового процесу, уточнення процесуальних норм для вступу третіх осіб, розширення положень про цифрове оскарження, а також визначення уповноваженого органу, відповідального за системне впровадження в умовах надзвичайних ситуацій.
Ключові слова: цифрове правосуддя, електронне судочинсвто, судовий спір, судова влада, цивільне процесуальне право.
Publication history
-
Date of submission: 17 May 2025
Date of acceptance: 16 Jun 2025
Online First publication: 18 Jul 2025
Last Publication: 17 Aug 2025
Whether the manuscript was fast tracked? - Yes
Number of reviewer report submitted in first round: 2 reports
Number of revision rounds: 1 round with major revisions
Technical tools were used in the editorial process:
Plagiarism checks - Turnitin from iThenticate https://www.turnitin.com/products/ithenticate/
Scholastica for Peer Review https://scholasticahq.com/law-reviews
How to cite it?
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Allouzi AS, ‘Procedural Rules for Smart Trials in the UAE: Aspirations and Reality’ (2025) 8(3)
Access to Justice in Eastern Europe 591-618 <https://doi.org/10.33327/AJEE-18-8.3-a000113>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33327/AJEE-18-8.3-a000113
Managing editor – Mag. Bohdana Zahrebelna. Section Editor – Dr. Oksana Uhrynovska.
English Editor – Julie Bold. Ukrainian language editor – Lilia Hartman.
