Summary: 1. Introduction. – 2. Sources of Law of Small Claims. – 3. The Purpose and Principles of the Institute of Small Claims. – 4. Value of a Claim. – 5. Change of the Value of a Claim. – 6. Consideration of Small Claims. – 7. Representation of the Parties during Small Case Consideration. – 8. Evidence and Prooving when Considering Small Claims. – 9. Appeal against Court Decisions in Small Claims. – 10. Cassation Appeal against Court Decisions in Small Claims. – 11. Conclusions
This essay analyzes legal nature and grounds of nullity of transactions according to the civil legislation of Ukraine and modern civil law achievements. Correlation between invalid, void and illegal transactions is set. It establishes the specifics of invalid transactions, that demarks them from other similar legal categories. The essay discloses gaps and contradictions in the legislation of Ukraine, while pointing out different approaches of the application of law by the courts when it comes to the nullity of transactions, as well as offers solutions as to its improvement. The legal nature of articles of incorporation (articles of association, except for the articles of association ofa partnership) is analyzed. And issue of possibility to use provisions as to invalidity of transactions to invalidating the incorporation documents of a legal person and/or decisions of the general meeting of the partnerships is set.